- 鼓吹基因改造作物的人说,这类作物不像传统作物,需要的有毒农药较少,对环境有利。但令批评者担忧的是潜在的风险,他们想知道所谓的利益究竟有多少。到底基因改造作物是环保美梦的实现,还是一场正在形成中的灾难?科学家正积极寻找答案。 GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: Are They Safe? - Are genetically modified crops an environmental dream come true or a disaster in the making? Scientists are looking for answers 人们对基因改造食物的态度,似乎愈来愈壁垒分明,一边的人支持,另一边的人则是畏惧。支持者宣称,种植基因改造作物对环境伤害较小,而食用这种农作物制成的食品也完全无害。它们还说,基因工程让农作物在贫瘠的土地上也能生长,或可培育出更营养的食物。在不久的未来,全球人口快速膨胀,还得靠这方法解决粮食问题。持怀疑态度者则反驳,基因改造作物对生态环境或人体健康都有极大的风险,令人忧心,不该贸然接受。许多欧洲国家抱持这种态度,因而限制基因改造作物的种植与输入。主要的争议,集中在基因改造食物的安全性。然而,最近的科学研究又是如何看待基因改造食物的危险呢?答案,往往迷失在各种报导的争议中;但是在接下来的篇幅里,它们将呈现在你的眼前。 The world seems increasingly divided into those who favor genetically modified (GM) foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growing genetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say, genetic engineering-which can induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods-will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the world's burgeoning population. Skeptics contend that GM crops could pose unique risks to the environment and to health-risks too troubling to accept placidly. Taking that view, many European countries are restricting the planting and importation of GM agricultural products. Much of the debate hinges on perceptions of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards? The answers, too often lost in reports on the controversy, are served up in the pages that follow. 两年前,一群生态骇客冲进苏格兰爱丁堡的一块农田,捣毁了种植的油菜。去年,美国缅因州一处白杨树实验林遭“夜半突袭队”闯入,砍倒了三千多株树。在加州圣地牙哥,抗议人士破坏了高粱作物,并且在温室的墙上喷漆示威。 这些暴行都是针对基因改造作物而来的,但是抗议人士的行动适得其反,因为他们所破坏的,全都是传统农作物。在每个案例里,那些行动派都把一般作物误认为基因改造过的品种。 原因不难理解。世界上已有4400万公顷土地(相当于台湾面积的12.3倍)种植了基改作物,可是从某个角度来看,那些作物都是隐形的。植入农作物的基因,你一个也看不见、尝不出、摸不着,或察觉它对环境的影响。光凭外观,你无从知道含有外源基因的花粉粒是否会毒害蝶儿,或是传播到几公里外使其他植株受精。最令人担忧的正是它的“隐形”。基改作物究竟如何影响环境?我们何时才会注意到这些影响呢? 鼓吹基因改造(或基因转植)作物的人说,这类作物不像传统作物,需要的有毒农药较少,对环境有利。但令批评者担忧的是潜在的风险,他们想知道所谓的利益究竟有多少。“我们对这类作物有太多的疑问,”纽约大学土壤微生物学者史达兹基说,“我们不知道的多着呢,必须找出答案来。” 由于基因改造作物在大地上占据的面积不断倍增,已经有数量空前的科学研究人员散入田野,搜集资讯,填补我们的知识鸿沟。他们最近的发现,有些令人心安,有些则教人不得不提高警觉。 Two years ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, eco-vandals stormed a field, crushing canola plants. Last year in Maine, midnight raiders hacked down more than 3,000 experimental poplar trees. And in San Diego, protesters smashed sorghum and sprayed paint over greenhouse walls. This far-flung outrage took aim at genetically modified crops. But the protests backfired: all the destroyed plants were conventionally [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] 下一页 |
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